Zev Brenner had Rabbi Yitz Greenberg and Chabad messianist Rabbi Sholom Ber Kalmanson on his show Saturday night. The show is being repeated Sunday at noon Eastern Time on the Internet here.
Rabbi Greenberg was on first. Rabbi Kalmanson joined in a bit later and the two debated on whether the Rebbe could be the messiah. I tuned in a few moments before Rabbi Kalmanson joined the broadcast.
Rabbi Kalmanson made several incorrect assertions, one being his claim that the Rambam (Maimonides) did not write regarding a person thought to be the messiah that if that man dies before building the Temple, ingathering the exiles, and doing the rest of the job the messiah is supposed to do, this man is not the messiah promised by God. Rabbi Kalmanson insisted the Rambam only used the Hebrew word meaning killed. Therefore, Rabbi Kalmanson's logic goes, the Rebbe, who died but who was not killed can still be the messiah according to the Rambam.
This is what the Rambam actually wrote:
Rambam, Yad Hazaka, Hilhot Melachim, Chapter 11, Halacha 4.
If a king will arise from the House of David who delves deeply into
the study of the Torah and, like David his ancestor, observes its
mitzvos as prescribed by the Written Law and the Oral Law; if he will
compel all of Israel to walk in [the way of the Torah] and repair the
breaches [in its observance]; and if he will fight the wars of G-d; -
we may, with assurance, consider him Mashiach.
If he succeeds in the above, builds the [Beis Ha]Mikdash on its
site, and gathers in the dispersed remnant of Israel, he is definitely
the Mashiach.
If he did not succeed to this degree or was killed, he surely is
not [the redeemer] promised by the Torah. [Rather,] he should be
considered to be like all the other proper and legitimate kings of the
Davidic dynasty who died. G-d caused him to arise only in order
to test the multitude. As it is written (Daniel 11:35), ‘Some of the
wise men will stumble, to purge, to refine and to clarify, until the
appointed final time, for it is yet to come.’…
[The Rambam goes on to lambaste Christianity and its founder.]
The sentence has a dependent clause. If the supposed messiah does
not ingather all the exiles, fight and win the battles of God, rebuild
the Temple and reinstitute Temple service, etc,, or if he is killed, this supposed messiah should be considered just like any good king from the House of David who died.
Either way, killed in battle or dies before rebuilding the Temple, etc., he is not the messiah according to Maimonides.
Rabbi Kalmanson insisted (screamed, actually) over and over again that, "the Rambam wrote no such thing."
Rabbi Kalmanson's error may be because Rabbi Kalmanson has only learned the Church-censored text of the Rambam as published in those large volumes that look like volumes of Talmud, Tur or Shulkhan Arukh. The Rambam's Mishne Torah was censored by the Church to eliminate anti-Christian positions expressed by the Rambam. But the full, uncensored version of the Rambam survived in manuscript form and was printed in a wildly popular version by Mosad HaRav Kook, Rambam L'Am. If you were in Chabad Houses and Chabad yeshivot before the Rebbe's passing, this would most likely have the edition of the Rambam you would have seen.The Rebbe praised this edition, and many volumes were once in 770.
The Church-censored version of the Rambam looks something like this:
Rambam, Yad Hazaka, Hilhot Melachim, Chapter 11, Halacha 4 (censored version).
If a king will arise from the House of David who delves deeply into
the study of the Torah and, like David his ancestor, observes its
mitzvos as prescribed by the Written Law and the Oral Law; if he will
compel all of Israel to walk in [the way of the Torah] and repair the
breaches [in its observance]; and if he will fight the wars of G-d; -
we may, with assurance, consider him Mashiach.
If he succeeds in the above, builds the [Beis Ha]Mikdash on its
site, and gathers in the dispersed remnant of Israel, he is definitely
the Mashiach.
If he did not succeed to this degree or was killed, he surely is
not [the redeemer] promised by the Torah. [Rather,] he should be
considered to be like all the other proper and legitimate kings of the
Davidic dynasty who died. G-d caused him to arise only in order
to test the multitude. As it is written (Daniel 11:35), ‘Some of the
wise men will stumble, to purge, to refine and to clarify, until the
appointed final time, for it is yet to come.’…
[The Rambam goes on to lambaste Christianity and its founder.]
How ironic it is that a leading Chabad messianist rabbi would be ignorant, intentionally or otherwise, of the Rambam's attack on the very type of messianism this Chabad rabbi espouses.
What surprised me more than Rabbi Kalmanson's error was Rabbi Greenberg's lack of knowledge regarding sources. By this I mean Rabbi Greenberg – who obviously had at some point learned these sources – could not quote chapter and verse from memory. Rabbi Kalmanson's supporters thought this meant Rabbi Greenberg had not learned those sources, much in the way Christian missionaries quote various pesukim from memory and jeer at Jews who do not know those sources by heart.
As I once pointed out to a Christian missionary (in front of about 100 college students, no less), Jews do not learn Torah by memorizing one or two verses out of context. We learn the whole thing, from beginning to end, in order and in context. I then was blessed enough to destroy this man's arguments to such an extent that he was literally pulled away by his missionary coworkers and taken off campus. (He was J for J's top New York City street missionary at the time.)
Rabbi Greenberg had the big picture right, in the sense that the plain reading of the sources does not support Chabad messianists. But, as Perkei Avot notes, know what to answer a heretic. In other words, being right isn't enough – you have to know those sources cold, and you have to know how to present them so your audience understands them.
Most disturbing to me were the calls from Chabad messianist women who repeated over and over again that the Rebbe did not pass away, that he is at this very moment the messiah, and those of us with little faith be damned.
Zev Brenner asked one of these women, "Did the Rebbe die?" She responded, "God forbid. The Rebbe is atzmus me'elokus [the very essence of God] in a guf [body]. He cannot die." "Where is the Rebbe right now?," Zev Brenner asked. She said, "All over." After being pressed by A startled Zev Brenner, she repeated "All over," and then said, "[He's in] 770, [he's] everywhere." Zev responded by asking, startled, "What do you mean?"
What Zev Brenner heard is normative Chabad messianist theology.
The Rebbe, no longer confined to his body, is everywhere. He is omnipresent and almost, but not quite, omnipotent, as well. He answers your prayers and intercedes for you on high. He watches you and he watches over you.
Whatever this theology is, calling it Judaism is incorrect.
We are watching the evolution of another Christianity right before our eyes. And I do not think any human being has the power to stop it. It is too far gone, and we who have tried to stop it are too few, too weak and too late.